Foreign firms file thousands of rare earth exploration permits in Brazil
An AP-Reporter Brasil analysis of National Mining Agency records shows 2,727 rare earth exploration applications in Brazil, with more than 86 percent filed in the past three years and 268 in the first half of 2026; 42 percent of applications are by foreign-backed companies. The trend has drawn major U.S., Australian and Canadian investment, including the acquisition of Serra Verde supported by U.S. government financing plans. At least 25 percent of applications overlap or sit within 10 kilometres of 283 protected areas and indigenous territories, creating potential environmental, licensing and geopolitical challenges as countries seek to diversify rare earth supplies.
Foreign-backed rare earth exploration surged amid strategic supply diversification efforts
Context
China limited rare earth exports last year, prompting foreign firms to seek new sources. Brazil has large reserves and rising foreign investment. The next steps may include licensing decisions and new laws on processing and investment.
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